Meningitis Research Today is a free monthly online journal that collates and summarizes the latest research about Meningitis, including details on viral, bacterial, spinal, symptoms, treatment.

Multiple sclerosis, neuropsychiatric lupus and antiphospholipid syndrome: where do we stand?

Ferreira S, D'Cruz DP, Hughes GR

Internal Medicine Department (B), S. João Hospital, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, Portugal.

Multiple sclerosis (MS), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) are chronic, immune-mediated, relapsing-remitting disorders affecting young adults, the pathogenesis of which is still largely unknown. Neurological manifestations and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be indistinguishable and there are no specific diagnostic tools. Treatment and prognosis are quite different. There is controversy about the prevalence and significance of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) in MS. A significant number of patients with APS/SLE are misdiagnosed as MS but evidence suggests they are distinct nosological entities. However, it is essential to differentiate them since APS may be responsive to anticoagulation. When assessing MS patients, clinicians should consider APS/SLE, especially if the MS has atypical features. A trial of anticoagulation might be worthwhile in some patients with atypical MS and consistently positive aPL.

Published 21 March 2005 in Rheumatology (Oxford), 44(4): 434-42.
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